TYRP1

TYRP1 (Tyrosinase-related protein 1) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. It is predominantly expressed in melanocytes, where it catalyzes the oxidation of 5,6‑dihydroxyindole‑2‑carboxylic acid (DHICA) to indole‑5,6‑quinone‑2‑carboxylic acid. TYRP1 plays an important role in determining melanin quality and stability, influencing pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes. Mutations in TYRP1 are associated with oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3) and other pigmentation disorders. Its structural features include multiple N‑glycosylation sites and conserved disulfide bonds essential for proper folding and enzymatic activity.